Integral fulled-valance hammock.



I. E. PALMER. INTEGRAL FULLED VALANGE HAMMOGK.

Patehted June 20, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.1 1,1911.

Wdnesses Invenior 560W W. @W Is a'ac ETPaZmer.

I. E. PA R. INTEGRAL FULLED V CB HAMMOGK.

APPLICATION FILED JAN; 11, 1911.

996,029, Patented Jun 1911,

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ISAAC E. PALMER, OF MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE I. E.PALMER CO., OF MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

INTEGRAL FULLED-VALANCE HAMMOCK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 20, 1911.

Original application filed April 29, 1910, Serial No. 558,422. Dividedand this application filed January 11,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISAAC E. PALMER, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident of Middletown, in thecounty of Middlesex and State of Connecticut, have invented anImprovement in Integral Fulled-Valance Hammocks, of which the followingdescription, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is aspecification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to integral fulled valance hammocks.

vIn order that the principle of the invention may be readily understood,I have disclosed the preferred embodiment thereof in the accompanyingdrawings.

This application is a division of my copending application filed April29, 1910, Serial No. 558,422.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of an integral fulledvalance hammock embodying my invention; Figs. 2 and 3 are diagrammaticviews representing respectively a manner in which I heretofore practicedweaving a fulled valance hammock and the manner in which I now weave theintegral fulled valance hammock embodying my invention; Fig. 4 is a sideelevation of a portion of an integral fulled valance hammock; Fig. 5 isa longitudinal section taken through a portion of an integral fulledvalance hammock; and Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view representing aportion of a hammock body and the fulled valance and fringe integraltherewith.

Hammocks have heretofore been woven with integral valances, but in allcases so far as I am aware in which the valances have been integrallywoven with the hammock, the valances have not been fulled. Fulledvalances have heretofore been Woven as distinct and separate articles ofmanufacture and have been thereafter sewed to the hammock body. It haslong been sought to weave a hammock having integral therewith fulledvalances, as fulled valances add materially to the appearance, value andstrength of the hammock, and if woven integrally therewith wouldmaterially lessen the cost of the hammock. I myself previous to thisinvention proposed to weave a hammock having integral fulled valancesand was granted Patent No. 626,842, dated June 13, 1899, but this patentfails to disclose any particular relation of the body warp and Weftthreads and does not disclose that particular relation thereof clearlyset forth in this application and constituting an important andessential feature of the present invention. Prior and subsequent to thegrant of my said Patent No. 626,842, I endeavored to weave an integralfulled valance, but inasmuch as I had not then conceived of a hammocksuch as herein claimed, that is, a hammockwherein all of the weftthreads from end to end of the hammock in the body thereof extendindividually at substantially rightangles to the body warp threadsthroughout substantially the entire length of the body portion of saidweft threads, and said weft threads being continued through the valancesin approximately the same direction as their body portions, but veryslightly inclined thereto owing to the increased length of the valancewarp threads over that of the body warp threads, thereby to form fulledvalances, I did not succeed in producing an integral fulled valancehammock. It was not until I conceived the method disclosed in my saidapplication filed April 29, 1910 that I conceived of and invented anintegral fulled valance hammock characterized by the features herein setforth and claimed.

The hammock embodying my invention is composed of woven warp and weftthreads, the body warp threads being delivered from a warp beam and thecompleted fabric being taken up upon a cloth roll. In order to weaveintegral fulled valances, I provide supplemental warp threads at eachside of the body portion, said warp "threads being fed from supplementalwarp beams at a higher rate of speed than the body warp threads are fed.I myself in my Patent No. 626,842 proposed to feed supplemental warpthreads faster than the body warp threads, but said invention did .notextend beyond such step. In endeavoring to weave a ham mock inaccordance with the disclosure in said Patent No. 626,842, I at alltimes until the conception of my present invention mass of warp threadswith the interwoven weft threads upon a take up roll mounted in theusual position. That is to say, the take up and cloth rolls werepositioned at points substantially remote from the fell of the cloth.The result was that accordingly all attempts to take up in the usualmanner a fabric having edge warps fed at a higher rate than the bodywarps resulted in a distorted fabric or a fabric ruptured or damagedalong the line of the proposed union of the body and edge warps. Thiswas owing to the fact that the warp threads after having been woven intothe cloth were not delivered past the breast beam and onto the take-upand cloth rolls in planes or lines parallel or substantially parallel tothe fell of the cloth, or more strictly speaking, substantially parallelto a plane passing through the fell of the cloth and normal to saidcloth. In other words, the edge warps and the portion of the weftthreads interwoven therewith were taken up so much in advance of theadjacent warp threads and their portion of the weft threads, that theentire fabric was drawn askew and distorted and the warp and weftthreads of the body did not and could not in the completed fabric have aposition at substantially rightangles to each other, but the weftthreads from the edges of the body portion to points extending welltoward the longitudinal center of the hammock were very substantiallyinclined to the direction of the warp threads.

In order to produce a hammock in accordance with my present invention, Ipro vide the loom wherein I weave the same with means for preservingsubstantial parallelism of each weft throughout the body and thevalances with a plane that is normal to thecloth at its fell. Said meanscompels an enforced control and immediate deflection of the valanceportions as they are formed from the plane of the body, said deflectionbeing preferably progressively greater from the edges of the bodyportion of the hammock to the outer edges of the valances. Inasmuch asthe said means deflects the valances immediately upon weav- .ing thereoffrom the plane of the body of the hammock, it will be apparent that thesaid deflection is substituted for a divergence of the weft threadsentering into the valances from the fell which occurred in all attemptsto construct a hammock as described in my said Patent No. 626,842. Inother words, in my attempts previous to my present invention to producea hammock having integral fulled valances, I endeavored to take up thoseportions of the weft threads which entered into the valances byproducing a divergence of them away from the breast beam and toward thecloth roll,

while maintaining said portions of the weft threads in the plane of thebody. This inevitably resulted in a distorted fabric,that is, onewherein the warp and weft threads no longer maintained a position atsubstantially right angles with respect to each other. In fact it wassubstantially impossible to produce even a distorted fabriccharacterized as stated, owing to the tendency of the fabric to rupturealong the proposed line of union of the edges of the body fabric and theinner edges of the proposed integral valances.

In the weaving of the fabric and immediately upon the formation of thefabric at the fell, the body portion thereof, being that part embracedbetween the inner edges of the valances, passes onto the level portionof the breast beam while the valances are at once deflected from theplane of the body part, so as to take up the fulled portions. Suchdeflection prevents those portions of the weft threads which have beenincorporated in the valances from being drawn by the take up and clothrolls into a position in advance of the remaining portion of said weftthreads, that is, the portion which is incorporated with the body of thehammock. In other words, each weft thread is maintained throughout itsentirety in substantial parallelism with the plane passing'through thefell of the cloth normal thereto. Preferably, this deflection iscontinued by suitable take up temples or other devices until the wovencloth is received upon the take up and cloth rolls.

press the customary or known cross relation of warp and weft threads,which may be a truly right angular relation or known varia tions ormodifications thereof, all of which are well known to those skilled inthe art. The essence of applicants invention is the preservation in thefulled valances of the correct and intended relation of the supplemental warp threads and the weft threads, as fully set forth.

Referring more specifically to the drawings, the hammock embodying myinvention is represented in Fig. 1. Therein, the body warp threads areindicated at 1 and the body weft threads at 2. The stringing means ateach end are represented at 3 as connected to grouped warp ends at 4:.In order that the manner of weaving the hammock may be clearlyunderstood and that it may be readily distinguished from my priorattempts to weave a fulled valance hammock, I have in Figs. 2 and 3diagrammatically indicated both the manner in which I have previouslyattempted to weave a fulled valance hammock and the manner in which Iweave the hammock embodying my present invention. In Fig. 2 the fell ofthe cloth is represented at the line 55 and the guide roll isrepresented at 6, it having enlarged ends, one of which is representedat 7. As illustrated, this guide roll is located at a very considerabledistance from the fell of the cloth. The weft threads 2 are continuedinto the valances, as represented at 3, but inasmuch as the guide roll,the take up and cloth rolls are remote from the fell of the cloth, thelines of strain of the proposed valance penetrate the'body fabric sodeeply as indicated by the patches of interwoven warp and weft threads 8as to distort the same in the taking up thereof. In other words, notonly were the portions of the weft threads entering into the valancestaken up more rapidly, but this strain of advance take-up did notterminate at the line of union of the body and valance, and consequentlyportions of the weft threads which were in the body but adjacent thevalances were drawn ahead of the remaining or central portionsof theweft threads in the body, and hence the whole fabric was drawn askew atand adjacent the edges. As diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 3,however, wherein the breast beam of the loom is indicated at 9 and thedeflecting means at one side of the loom is indicated at 10, the weftthreads are continued into the valances, as indicated at 11, andimmediately after each weft is beaten up at the fell of the cloth, it isdeflected from the plane of the surface of the body fabric by said de- Ifleeting means 10 in order to preserve the described parallelism of theweft threads with said fell of the cloth. In so deflecting the valanceportions of the fabric, the take up lines of strain of the valance areeither parallel with the warp threads or are so nearly paralleltherewith as indicated that said lines of strain do not substantiallyenter the body portions of the fabric nor distort the same. In otherwords, all of the weft threads from end to end of the hammock in thebody thereof extend individually at substantially right angles to thebody warp threads throughout substantially the entire length of the bodyportion of the weft threads, and are continued through the valances inapproximately the same direction, but at a very slight inclinationthereto owing to the increased length of the valance warp threads 12over that of the body warp threads, thereby to form fulled valances.Furthermore, all of the warp threads throughout substantially the entirelength of the body portion of the weft threads, when interwoven arecrossed to form the shed for each weft in a line that is atsubstantially right angles to the direction of the said warp threads andeach weft thread from end to end of the hammock in the body thereof istherefore held by the described warp crossing in lines that aspreviously described are at substantially right angles to the said warpthreads throughout substantially the entire length of their bodyportions. This is more fully apparent from the somewhat diagrammaticrepresentation in Fig. 6, wherein the weft threads are represented asextending at right angles to the warp threads to substantially the lineof unionof the body portion of the hammock and the valance or tosubstantially the line l313 in said figure. Between the lines 13-13 and14:14: in said figure is represented a part of one of the integralfulled valances, and as therein shown the prolongations of the weftthreads are therein rep resented as extending in substantially the samedirection as the body portions of said Weft threads, but at a veryslight inclination thereto owing to the increased length of the valancewarp threads over that of the body Warp threads, thereby to form fulledvalances. Preferably the said supplemental warp threads 12 areprogressively longer from the edge portions of the body outward, but attheir ends are substantially co-terminal with the body warp threads,that is, they terminate along substantially the same lines transverselyof the hammock.

In Figs. 4 and 5, I have indicated in side elevation and longitudinalsection a portion of one of the fulled valances integral with the bodyportion and as diagrammatically represented in Fig. 6.

If desired, I may incorporate with the valances and substantially at thepoint of union of the valance with the body fabric, a strengthening cordor grouped warp threads 15 as indicated in Figs. 3 and f. This strand orgroup of warp threads tends to strengthen the line of union of thefulled valances and the body as well as to add to the appearancethereof. Such construction involving the employment of a strengtheningcord or group of warp threads is not claimed in this application.

As indicated in Figs. 1, 4.- and 6, the weft threads are integrallyprolonged beyond the outer edges of the valances, so as to form fringes16, these fringes being cut at their extreme ends 17 in any suitablemanner, and preferably by blades carried by the loom and about which theweft threads are passed in the weaving operation.

From the foregoing description, it will be evident that the hammockembodying my invention has a body portion wherein all of the weftthreads from end to end of the hammock in the body thereof extendindividually at substantially right angles to the body warp threadsthroughout substantially the entire length of the body portion of theweft threads and extend through the &

valances in approximately the same direction as the body portions ofsaid weft threads but at a very slight inclination thereto owing to theincreased length of the valance warp threads over that of the body warpthreads, and that my invention is radically distinguished from theinvention disclosed in my Patent, No. 626,842, wherein the warp and weftthreads do not have the said relation to each other herein defined, butwherein the warp and weft threads were distorted in the body portionadjacent the valances and well toward the central longitudinal line ofthe body, by reason of the fact that I did not, as a part of theinvention, disclose in Patent No. 626,842, conceive, appreciate orinvent that particular arrangement of warp and Weft threads in the bodyportion of the hammock herein disclosed in conjunction with theapproximate right angular relation of said weft threads to thesupplemental Warp threads where interwoven therewith.

Having thus described one illustrative embodiment of my invention, Idesire it to be understood that although specific terms are employed,they are used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes oflimitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the followingclaims.

1. A hammock consisting of a continuous piece of woven fabricconstituting an undistorted body portion composed of longitudinallyextending warp threads and transversely extending weft threads andintegral fulled valances, the latter being formed by supplemental warpthreads of greater length than said body warp threads but substantiallyco-terminal therewith, and integral, substantially straight,prolongations of said weft threads, all of said weft threads from end toend of the hammock in the body thereof extending individually atsubstantially right angles to the body warp threads throughoutsubstantially the entire length of the body portion of said weftthreads, and said weft threads being continued through the valances inapproximately the same direction as their body portions but veryslightly inclined thereto owing to the increased length of the valancewarp threads over that of the body warp threads, thereby to form fulledvalances.

2. A hammock consisting of a continuous piece of woven fabricconstituting an undistorted body portion composed of longitudinallyextending warp threads and transversely extending weft threads andintegral fulled valances, the latter being formed by supplemental warpthreads of greater length than said body warp threads, but substantiallyco-terminal therewith, and integral, substantially straight,prolongations of said weft threads, all of the warp threads throughoutsubstantially the entire length of the body portion of the weft threads,when interwoven being crossed to form the shed for each weft thread in aline that is at substantially right angles to the direction of the saidwarp threads and each weft thread from end to end of the hammock in thebody thereof oeing held by the described warp crossings in lines thatthroughout substantially the entire length of their body portions are atsubstantially right angles to the said warp threads, and theprolongations of said weft threads in said valances extially co-terminaltherewith, and integral,

substantially straight, prolongations of said weft threads, said weftthreads extending laterally beyond said supplemental warp threads toform integral fringes, all of said weft threads from end to end of thehammock in the body thereof extending individually at substantiallyright angles to the body Warp threadsthroughout substantially the entirelength of the body portion of said weft threads, and said weft threadsbeing continued through the valances in approximately the same directionas their body portions, but very slightly inclined thereto owing to theincreased length of the valance warp threads over that of the body warpthreads, thereby to form fulled valances.

4. A hammock consisting of a continuous piece of woven fabricconstitutingan undistorted body portion composed of longitudinallyextending warp threads and transversely extendingweft threads andintegral fulled valances, the latter being formed by supplemental warpthreads of greater length than said body warp threads but substantiallyco-terminal therewith and integral, substantially straight prolongationsof said weft threads, said supplemental warp threads being progressivelylonger toward the outer edges of the hammock, all of said weft threadsfrom end to end of the hammock in the body thereof extendingindividually at substantially right angles to the body warp threadsthroughout substantially the entire length of the body portion of saidweft threads, and said weft threads being continued through the valancesin approximately the same direction name to this specification, in thepresence as their body portions, but very slightly inof two subscribingWitnesses. clined thereto owing to the increased length of the ValanceWarp threads over that of the ISAAC PALMER body Warp threads, thereby toform fulled Witnesses:

valances. CHAs. M. SAUER, In testimony whereof, I have signed my FRED.E. FOWLER.

Gopies of this patent may be obtained fox-five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

